Caring for durian trees during the fruiting stage is crucial, as this is when the fruits are developing in structure, weight, and quality. If durian trees do not receive proper care during this period, it can lead to various problems affecting yield, such as fruit drop, thin skin, loose flesh, or poor flavor. Therefore, farmers should closely monitor any abnormal symptoms during fruit development to ensure high-quality, marketable produce.

Common Issues During Durian Fruiting Stage

1. Premature Fruit Drop

Fruit drop is a major problem for farmers during the fruiting stage and can be caused by several factors, such as:

• Calcium deficiency (Ca): leading to thin, weak fruit skin.

• Boron deficiency (B): causing weak fruit stems and easy fruit detachment.

• Inconsistent soil moisture: from alternating heavy rains and hot weather.

• Pests and diseases: such as thrips and fruit borers.

Solutions:

• Supplement calcium and boron to strengthen the fruit skin and stems.

• Maintain consistent soil moisture, avoiding both drought and waterlogging.

• Apply appropriate pest management practices.

2. Thin, Easily Cracked Fruit Skin

Thin or cracked fruit skins often result from a lack of calcium and sulfur (S), which are critical for building strong, durable skins.

Solutions:

• Apply fertilizers containing calcium and sulfur, such as gypsum or calcium sulfate.

• Regulate water levels in the orchard to reduce stress on the trees.

• Avoid overuse of nitrogen fertilizers, which can thin the fruit skin.

3. Loose Flesh, Poor Texture, and Lack of Sweetness

Durian flesh that is loose, dry, or lacks sweetness may be caused by deficiencies in magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K), which are essential for starch and sugar accumulation.

Solutions:

• Apply potassium-rich fertilizers (such as 0-0-50) during full fruit development.

• Add magnesium to support photosynthesis and starch production.

• Avoid excessive watering during the final fruiting stages, as it can dilute the fruit’s sweetness.

4. Slow Fruit Growth and Low Weight

Slow-growing fruits or those that fail to gain weight may result from weak root structures, limiting nutrient uptake, or from nutrient deficiencies.

Solutions:

• Improve soil structure by applying gypsum to promote healthy root growth.

• Use fertilizers that include sulfur to enhance nitrogen absorption.

• Monitor and adjust soil pH to maintain an optimal range for nutrient uptake (pH 5.5–6.5).

The fruiting stage requires careful, attentive management to prevent issues that could affect yield quality. Farmers should prioritize supplying essential nutrients such as calcium, sulfur, magnesium, and potassium, while also managing soil and water conditions appropriately. With proper care, durian fruits will develop fully, with dense flesh, sweet and fragrant taste, and command a premium price in the market.